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With 2K image quality, a light pollution filter and a user-friendly interface, it's a smart telescope that anyone can enjoy, regardless of your experience level, and regardless of whether you're shooting from your city balcony or a dark sky site. Like the other models, it uses dual cameras to capture a wide range of subjects, including deep-sky objects with the telephoto camera, and constellations, star trails and the Milky Way with the wide-angle camera. It's lightweight and easy to travel with, and it even comes with a separate solar filter for solar imaging and eclipse time-lapses.

We got our hands on an advance copy to test ahead of its release, so we put it through its paces on several different celestial subjects.

Design & Setup

Seestar S30 Plus in a garden
The S30 Plus looks indentical to the S30 Pro, aside from the branding.Kimberley Lane
Seestar S30 Plus in a garden
It features a power button and a USB-C port.Kimberley Lane
Seestar S30 Plus in a garden
The red LED lights on the front indicate the battery level.Kimberley Lane
  • Quick and easy set-up
  • Comes with carry case, tripod and solar filter
  • Lightweight and easy to transport

The Seestar S30 Plus is one of the smallest, most compact smart telescopes on the market, weighing just 3.63 pounds (1.65 kg) and measuring 8.3 x 5.5 x 3.2 inches (210 x 140 x 80 mm). Its sleek, matte white design looks identical to the other Seestar models (we compared it to our S30 Pro), except for the branding on the unit itself.

It comes in a padded soft carry case and includes a small tripod (although we always prefer to use our own), a solar filter, a 40-inch (1 meter) USB-A to USB-C charging cable, a removable shoulder strap for the carry case, and a quick-start guide. With its accessories and case, the whole setup weighs 4.89 pounds (2.22 kg).

On the unit itself, you'll find just one button, which powers it on, plus the USB-C port on the side. Super simple, although we'd have liked the USB-C port to be covered to prevent moisture or dust from getting in.

ZWO Seestar Plus with its accessories and case on a table

It comes with a carry case, strap, USB-C cable and solar filter. (Image credit: Kimberley Lane)

The set-up process couldn't be easier. When you turn the telescope on, you'll hear a double beep and see the power button light up alongside the red dots on the black screen to indicate the battery level. Four dots mean the battery is full. The telescope will tell you when it's ready to connect, at which point you can sync it up to the app on your smartphone or tablet. To turn it off, you just select "Shutdown" in the app, which closes the arm and turns the unit off.

It also features an anti-dew heater, which we've found works quite well in mild to moderate humidity. On a couple of our shoots, we noticed a tiny bit of condensation forming on the unit when the humidity was higher, so we wouldn't feel confident leaving it unsupervised for long periods on a particularly dewy evening. (We used the Clear Outside app to monitor the humidity levels.)

The Seestar App

screenshot from the Seestar app
The Stargazing page in the Seestar app.ZWO
screenshot from the Seestar app
You can browse through objects and see Tonight's Best.ZWO
screenshot from the Seestar app
When you click on an object, you'll see information and coordinates.ZWO
screenshot from the Seestar app
You can also choose objects in the solar system.ZWO
screenshot from the Seestar app
You can image constellations with the wide-angle camera, too.ZWO
  • User-friendly and easy to navigate
  • A good amount of image editing controls, but we'd like a few more
  • Educational and shows what's in the sky for your time and location

The Seestar App is user-friendly and easy to navigate, with just the right amount of controls: you have plenty of options to choose from but it doesn’t become overwhelming. The main Seestar page is where you'll likely spend most of your time, as this is where you can search for celestial objects to shoot, access your album, plan a shoot and read up on what objects Seestar recommends based on your time and location.

The Stargazing section is where you can select or search for the subject you want to shoot. You can use the search function to find a specific target or browse Tonight's Best, and you can also search through different types of subjects like galaxies, nebulas, clusters and more. From here, you can also select planets, track comets and photograph constellations using the wide camera.

Click on a subject and the app will display information about it, including its current altitude and coordinates, which help determine what time is best to shoot that particular object. It automatically applies the appropriate filters and settings, but you can override these if you want to.

screenshot from the Seestar app
It's easy to connect your phone to the app.ZWO
screenshot from the Seestar app
The telescope will show you what it's doing at any given point.ZWO

There's very little to complain about when it comes to using the app. It has lots of information for beginners, so you don't need a ton of knowledge about the night sky, and everything is fairly self-explanatory. There were a couple of occasions when it failed to calibrate itself (for example, when we tried to locate the Pleiades, which had just risen above a tree), and other times when we chose a new target and it slewed the long way round instead of only having to move slightly. But otherwise, the app worked well.

The AI Enhance section has some good editing tools to bring out the best from your photos. You can reduce the stars, adjust the brightness, contrast, saturation and RGB curves, apply denoise and eliminate any satellite trails — although we'd love a dehaze slider to bring out some of the fainter nebulosity of certain objects. The sliders could do with being a little more responsive, especially the RGB curves, but overall, it does a pretty good job of editing your pictures to get a pleasing result.

Astrophotography

  • 160mm focal length perfectly suits larger apparent subjects
  • Built-in filters to bring out colors
  • Modest image resolution, but still pretty good

We had about 10 days to test our review unit before its release, so we could only capture as much as the weather permitted in that time. We'll add more images to this review over the coming weeks. All our tests were conducted from our backyard in a Bortle 4 region, and captured before moonrise to eliminate as much light pollution as possible. Due to these time constraints, we aimed to capture our images for a total of 60 minutes each, although we'd have ideally aimed for longer in some cases.

Now for the fun part — the images. The Seestar S30 Plus has a focal length of 160mm, which is advantageous for capturing large subjects like the Andromeda Galaxy, the North America Nebula and the Pleiades. Large emission nebulas are where it really shines; however, the focal length is too short to capture smaller apparent objects.

For this review, we aimed to capture as many different types of objects as possible. All our images were edited in the Seestar app with, in some cases, a few minor tweaks in Lightroom. You also have the option to download the individual files to your computer to process them yourself in dedicated astrophotography software, which is advantageous if you're a more experienced user.

Star clusters

Pleiades star cluster
Final M45 images after 60 minutes of integration, with edits in the Seestar app and minor tweaks in Lightroom mobile.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Pleiades star cluster
Final M45 images after 60 minutes of integration, edited solely in the Seestar app.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Pleiades star cluster
M45 after 15 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Pleiades star cluster
M45 after 30 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Pleiades star cluster
M45 after 60 minutes of integration, as seen in the app with no edits.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Pleiades star cluster
The star reduction slider in the Seestar app is a useful feature for seeing the faint nebulosity you've captured.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future

Everyone's favorite star cluster, the Pleiades, was one of the first targets we wanted to capture. We could see the faint blue nebulosity after as little as 15 minutes of integration time, and it only improved over time. After 60 minutes, we had a really nice image and could easily bring out the blue haze via the editing tools in the app. However, we got a much more impressive result after tweaking our image a little further in Lightroom, bringing out even more haze and reflective dust.

Galaxies

Andromeda Galaxy
M31 after 57 minutes of integration, edited in the Seestar app and minor tweaks in Lightoom mobile.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Andromeda Galaxy
M31 after 57 minutes of integration, edited in the Seestar app.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Andromeda Galaxy
M31 after 15 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Andromeda Galaxy
M31 after 30 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Andromeda Galaxy
M31 after 57 minutes of integration, before any editing.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Andromeda Galaxy
M31 with star reduction.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future

The Andromeda Galaxy is a perfect target for the Seestar S30 Plus. It takes up a large portion of the frame, and with long integration times, it can reveal beautiful details in the faint outer arms. We shot for around an hour in our tests due to weather and time constraints, but we still got an impressive image. As we approached 60 minutes, there was a lot of cloud cover, and we noticed it struggling to stack images toward the end of the session, so we stopped the integration at 57 minutes.

Andromeda is certainly going to be the most impressive galaxy for the Seestar visually, as most others will appear smaller in the frame and will need longer integration, so make sure you have a clear, dark night for it.

Large emission nebula

North America nebula
North America Nebula after 60 minutes of integration, edited in the Seestar app.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
North America nebula
North America Nebula after 15 minutes of integrationApp: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
North America nebula
North America Nebula after 30 minutes of integrationApp: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
North America nebula
North America Nebula after 60 minutes of integration, before any editing.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future

Large emission nebulas are where the Seestar S30 Plus thrives, and the North America Nebula is a great target. It covers the whole field of view, and the red hydrogen gas easily comes to the forefront of the image.

Eastern Veil Nebula
The Eastern Veil Nebula after 61 minutes of integration, after editing in the Seestar app.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Eastern Veil Nebula
The Eastern Veil Nebula after 15 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Eastern Veil Nebula
The Eastern Veil Nebula after 30 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Eastern Veil Nebula
The Eastern Veil Nebula after 60 minutes of integration, before editing.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future

The Eastern Veil Nebula is another lovely target where you can bring out the beautiful red and turquoise hues in as little as 15 minutes, but longer integration times will yield brighter, more colorful results.

Planetary nebula

Helix Nebula
Helix Nebula after 27 minutes of integration, edited in the Seestar app.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Helix Nebula
Helix Nebula after 15 minutes of integration.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future
Helix Nebula
Helix Nebula after 27 minutes of integration, before editing.App: ZWO Seestar, Image: Kimberley Lane/Future

Planetary nebulas are where you will see the limitations of the Seestar's 160mm focal length. Most planetary nebulas have a very small apparent size — we've previously captured the Dumbbell Nebula and Cocoon Nebula with our S30 Pro, and they were a tiny dot in the middle of the screen. We tried the Helix Nebula, and even though it's one of the largest apparent planetary nebulas, it's still fairly small on the Seestar S30 Plus. You can still get a decent image of it, but if you want to focus on imaging planetary nebulas, you'll need a bigger scope. Because it was very low in the sky and there was some interfering cloud, we stopped integration at 27 minutes.

Should you buy the Seestar S30 Plus?

Seestar S30 Plus in a garden
Kimberley Lane
Seestar S30 Plus in a garden
Kimberley Lane

The Seestar S30 Plus is an affordable entry point into deep-sky astrophotography without the confusing settings and expensive setup. It's ideal for beginners, although more experienced users will likely want to upgrade to the superior image quality and extra features of the S30 Pro.

Still, for under $500, we can't complain. Not only is the Seestar S30 Plus easy to navigate and use, but it teaches you about space in a fun and interactive way, and you don't need to spend hours stacking individual frames on your computer to process — although you still can do that if you want more control over your editing.

If the Seestar S30 Plus isn't for you

'> ZWO Seestar S30 Plus review

I wanted to do a Ph.D. on animal behavior and, more specifically, on relationships between animals. I was interested in how animals interact with each other and what kind of social organization they establish.

[Someone suggested I] work on the zebra finch, and I said, "OK, I've never taken the time to really observe birds very well; might as well start now."

I realized that it's difficult to observe birds because they're not close to you. They can fly wherever they want. When you are out and about in town, in the countryside, and you see birds, they're here, and then they're gone. You don't get to see a lot of their vocal interactions or a lot of their social interactions.

So here I was, studying the zebra finch in cages where they were fully interacting with each other. And the question was, what kind of social organization do they have?

I realized quickly that they were not doing a dominance hierarchy [which was previously thought to be the case], but instead, the most important thing in their life was their partner. They were doing pair bonds, and that's the core of their social organization, [with] males and females pairing for life.

Studying birdsong can help researchers like Elie better understand how the birds navigate their complex environments. (Image credit:  Nataly Studio/Shutterstock)

KHC: Why is it important to study birdsong, and what can it teach us about intelligence and behavior?

JE: A level of complexity we were trying to understand was, what are the neural mechanisms that enable those birds to do this process of listening to something and copying it, and reproducing it, and doing a comparison between what they're producing and what they're hearing?

The zebra finch is a just-right middle ground level of cognitive ability that is interesting, where you see this pattern of copying vocalization and producing it. But you can look through the avian kingdom, and some species show more complex behaviors.

We know that there are some species that are able to not only imitate their own vocalizations from their own species, their dad, but they're able to copy other species. So, here in California, for instance, a mockingbird is a bird that is really known to be able to reproduce a bunch of different sounds and is actually incorporating this in their vocalizations.

Parrots are also well known for that because we have them as pets, and they're able to reproduce our own vocalizations as humans. This is kind of crazy, when you think about it, because they don't have the same vocal tract as we do. It's smaller, and they have a different system. I think a high cognitive level is when an animal is able to reproduce a sound that is not in their "native language," let's say, and use it for a goal. We do see this in parrots ‪—‬ they're able to ask you for something or even ask the dog to shut up sometimes, which is interesting. They're able to really use those vocalizations, such as "This is not mine, but I communicate with another species this way."

It shows you how smart they can be, and by studying vocal communication in animals, we are getting a window of what cognitive abilities they have and how the usage reveals their level of smartness.

KHC: Could you walk me through how you ended up decoding bird vocalizations?

JE: I spent countless hours observing zebra finches, and I realized that I could progressively do a match between the social context and the acoustic characteristics of the sound produced. I could recognize these sounds and understand what they "mean."

It's like at home with your cat or dog: Within a couple of months, you figure out every time the cat is doing this kind of sound —‬ "meow" — ‬it means he wants to get out or he's hungry, or he wants to cuddle. Same thing with the dog. It's the same process, but instead of doing this with cats or dogs, I did this with birds and constituted the first acoustic dictionary of zebra finch calls.

However, how do you know you are correct? That you correctly identified the sounds that correspond to the "words" in that species?

Pet owners can often differentiate between different vocalizations in their pets, such as different meowing noises for their cat. (Image credit: Chris Winsor via Getty Images)

I thought that the best confirmation of whether I was right or not could only come from the zebra finches themselves. Up to now, nobody had found a way to systematically go through the vocal repertoire of an animal and confirm if each identified call type was indeed perceived as a word in that species' language.

To achieve this somewhat impossible discussion with a bird, we designed an operant conditioning experiment where the bird is asked to classify vocalizations that were previously recorded from other zebra finches. The game is simple and relies on two rules. The first one is that every day, only the recordings corresponding to one call type are rewarded by seeds, while the recordings from the other call types in the repertoire are not rewarded. The second rule is that the bird can interrupt recordings and skip to the next one whenever they want, like how you skip through songs on your favorite music app.

The bird is placed in a cage that has a button or a little infrared sensor that it can activate with its beak. Each time it does so, the recording of a vocalization randomly drawn from the library of call types is played. Four out of five times, birds trigger the playback of a call type that will not give them access to seeds. Because they are slightly food deprived, they only really want to listen to the rewarded playback, so they interrupt the nonrewarded calls and only listen for the calls that are going to be rewarded.

Every day, the bird has to find out which call type or "word" is rewarded. They usually figure it out pretty rapidly and then start interrupting the playback of all the other call types. Using this task, we could test a different call type every dayIf they had not been able to do it, it would tell us that the call type we had identified was in fact not existing in their language. If they were able to do it ‪—‬ and spoiler alert, they were! ‪—‬ it meant that we had correctly identified that call type.

The birds told us yes, basically —‬ the organization that you're proposing is correct.

But then we made a surprising discovery. We noticed that birds were making some rare and systematic mistakes. We wondered if these mistakes were coming from the acoustic similarity of the call types — how you might mistake, for instance, the word "glove" for "love" or "hurt" for "heart." Or if they were coming from the semantic similarity of the call types — you could maybe mistake "love" for "heart" if you are remembering about the general meaning of the rewarded word today, which is "love.".

In that last case, it would mean that birds truly have an understanding of their call types' meaning. We found out that birds' errors could be better explained by the meaning [the semantic similarity] of the call types. That is a big discovery in the field of animal communication.

I'm thinking that the first species we might be able to communicate with, interact with vocally, might be a bird.

Julie Elie

KHC: Do you think we are headed toward actually being able to communicate with birds, or do you think it's more that we're still testing the waters and we still need to learn the rest of the language before we get there?

JE: When we say "talking with birds," I think we need to understand that it's not going to be a language. Right now, I am studying the zebra finch; it doesn't mean that I would be able to communicate with a crow once I have a repertoire. So there's this component of when we talk about birds, there are many different species.

I think there's more traction in this particular part of the animal kingdom than in other parts, just because birds are really talkative. Birds use a lot of their vocalizations to communicate with each other. So because of that, I'm thinking that the first species we might be able to communicate with, interact with vocally, might be a bird, just because they are very talkative.

For now, I found all those words. But we need to understand how those words are [strung] together. So it's not necessarily the case that we need to understand the rules of the dynamic exchanges between individuals or how fast you're responding, but how you are responding and whether that makes sense or not.

They [also] have [body] postures. They have specific displays at the same time they're producing the vocalizations. And if we really want to achieve full communication with another species, we need to get to that level.

It's not tomorrow for sure, it's probably not next year, but I think in the range of 10 years we should get there. Especially with how fast the domains of AI and robotics are. I have some hope that we should be able to get to that point.

KHC: Is there one takeaway you would want our readers to know about your work?

JE: Just one. The most important thing for readers that are not specifically scientists is to realize that, by studying animal behavior more generally, researchers are discovering the intelligence of animals. This is opening our eyes to other species and realizing that we're not the only species that is intelligent on this planet.

This is a lesson to us as another species on this planet, that we are not the only ones that are smart and we need to take this into account in how we are evolving.

We need to realize how we're affecting them and realize that they also have their own internal lives, and maybe we should start to respect them a little bit more.

Editor's note: Some of this interview was conducted via email as part of a follow-up conversation. The interview has been edited lightly for clarity and length.

Help us improve Live Science Pro: We're always trying to make our content better. Leave us feedback about Pro here.

'> 'The first species we might be able to communicate with, interact with vocally, might be a bird': An animal researcher explains how she decoded bi...50.84755357, 155.56126752]

What's in the photo? The summit of Alaid volcano peeking above a thick layer of low-lying clouds

Who took the photo? An unnamed astronaut on board the International Space Station

When was it taken? Aug. 2, 2019

This eye-catching astronaut photo shows a towering, highly active Russian volcano poking its head above a thick bank of swirling clouds over the Kuril Islands.

The lofty peak is located on Atlasov Island, the northernmost of the Kuril Islands — a chain of roughly 50 largely uninhabited volcanic landmasses stretching along a fault line that runs between Russia and Japan in the Sea of Okhotsk. Altasov lies 40 miles (65 kilometers) off Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula, which is also renowned for its volcanic activity.

The island consists mainly of a single, massive volcano, called Alaid, which is known for its near-perfect cone shape. Alaid reaches up to 7,497 feet (2,285 meters) above sea level, making it the tallest peak in the Kuril Islands.

Alaid has erupted at least nine times in the past 50 years, including a major outburst in April 1981 that ejected a 1,250-mile-long (2,000 km) plume of thick smoke and ash into the atmosphere, according to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program.

Its most recent eruption occurred between September and November 2022, when a river of lava flowed down its flank (see below). During this outburst, the volcano also spit out smoke and ash that was spotted from space alongside another eruption plume coming from the nearby island Paramushir.

A satellite photo showing the Aliad volcano erupting with an infrared signal coming from a lava flow along the volcano's flank

Alaid last erupted in November 2022 and unleashed a scorching lava flow down its snow-covered slopes. This photo also shows what Atlasov Island looks like when it is not obscured by clouds. (Image credit: Pierre Markuse using Copernicus Sentinel data/ via Wikimedia)

In the astronaut's photo, roughly half of Atlasov Island rises above a deep, low-lying bank of swirling clouds. The summit of Alaid, crowned by a roughly mile-wide (1.6 km) caldera, is also obscured by clouds. (The volcano was not erupting when the photo was taken.)

Farther down the volcano's flanks are a series of snow-filled gullies carved out by lava flows from previous eruptions. Eagle-eyed viewers may also be able to spot some parasitic cones — small openings where lava burst through in the past — around the edge of the cloud layer, according to NASA's Earth Observatory.

The area surrounding a cluster of parasitic cones on the volcano's northwest flank (top right in the photo) is devoid of vegetation ‪—‬ a result of another major eruption in 1972, which scoured the surrounding landscape with hot ash. A 2009 study revealed fresh signs of recovery in the affected area, but noted that it could take hundreds of years for vegetation to return to pre-eruption levels.

The clouds are not the only thing the island rises above. Alaid is essentially the summit of a much larger underwater volcano that lies beneath the Sea of Okhotsk. The rest of the island has grown around the exposed cone as lava flows have reached sea level and solidified. Millions of years ago, this larger volcano was likely connected to the Kamchatka Peninsula via a land bridge that has since been submerged.

A black-and-white photo of the eruption plume from the 1981 eruption captured from an airplane flying past the island

In 1981, a major eruption caused Alaid to unleash a massive plume of smoke and ash that reached up to 1,250 miles long. (Image credit: Anatoli Khrenov (Institute of Volcanology, Petropavlovsk))

Astronauts and satellites have snapped several other stunning shots of intriguing landmasses nearby, including a quartet of end-to-end volcanoes on Simushir Island and a set of volcanic "nesting dolls" on Onekotan Island.

And in 2022, the Landsat 8 satellite also spotted the iconic summit of Mount Vesuvius peeking through a gap in the clouds over Italy, just like Alaid.

See more Earth from space

An astronaut photo of a section of a lake half covered in fracturing ice

World's highest frozen lake shatters

A 2024 astronaut photo shows the icy surface of Pangong Lake breaking apart in the lofty Tibetan Plateau. The point where the ice meets the water almost perfectly matches a disputed border between China and India.

A satellite photo of a volcano surrounded by barren plains. Light colored lava flows can be seen on its flanks and a bright white cone at its summit

Explosive 'Mountain of God' looms

A 2020 astronaut photo shows the unique structure of Ol Doinyo Lengai, an active stratovolcano in Tanzania that was recently adorned with a bright white "ash cone." The explosive peak produces a rare type of lava that is unusually cool but travels remarkably quickly.

Satellite photo showing a lake bisecting the snowy edge of a gray ridged glacier

Mini lake meets ancient ice mass

A 2010 satellite photo shows the point where a small lake bisects the snowy rim of an ancient glacier on Canada's Baffin Island. The rippling, snow-rimmed structure is the last remaining fragment of a colossal ice sheet that once covered large parts of North America.

'> Highly active Russian volcano plays peek-a-boo with an astronaut

The 2026 Global Carbon Budget report was published in the journal Earth System Science Data Nov. 10 and is due to be presented at the U.N. Climate Change Conference's COP31 meeting in Antalya, Turkey, this week.

Global carbon emissions have increased steadily since record-keeping began. This year is projected to have a slight decrease in fossil-fuel emissions, but that is partly due to price increases caused by the Iran conflict. (Image credit: 2026 Global Carbon Budget report)

It is the first time annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels have fallen since the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. But the overall emissions picture suggests the world is still likely to miss key climate goals.

"It is an encouraging sign that the growth of emissions is slowing and decarbonisation efforts are starting to make a difference," said Joeri Rogelj, a climate scientist at the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London who wasn't involved in the research. "However, at 0.4%, the projected decline is very small," Rogelj told Live Science in an email.

The report projects 38.2 billion metric tons (42.1 billion U.S. tons) of emissions of the climate-warming greenhouse gas CO2 from fossil fuel sources this year. Greenhouse gases trap heat by absorbing the sun's radiation, and as their concentrations in the atmosphere increase, so do global average temperatures, leading to altered weather patterns and higher sea levels, as well as other major impacts.

The war with Iran has resulted in restricted fuel availability and high prices, with a corresponding reduction in demand

Joeri Rogelj, climate scientist, University College London

Part of the 0.4% reduction in CO2 emissions is attributable to 40 countries that have cut emissions over the past decade while growing their economies. These include the U.S., Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Japan and about 30 countries in the European Union, the researchers reported.

When it comes to some of the biggest emitters, annual CO2 emissions are projected to decrease by 0.9% in China, 1.3% in the U.S., 1.5% in the European Union and 1% in Japan, but India's annual CO2 emissions are projected to grow by 4.4%.

Carbon emissions are projected to decrease slightly in the U.S., China and the E.U. but to increase in India. (Image credit: 2026 Global Carbon Budget report)

Fossil-fuel-linked CO2 emissions from the rest of the world are projected to decrease by 0.7%, driven mainly by a 1.9% drop in oil emissions. The report authors suggested that this is a short-term response to the global supply constraints and increased prices triggered by the Iran conflict.

"The war with Iran has resulted in restricted fuel availability and high prices, with a corresponding reduction in demand," Rogelj said.

While fossil fuel emissions and demand for oil are declining globally, overall demand for energy is actually increasing.

"Based only on the demand for energy, which has grown, we would have expected an increase in fossil CO2 emissions by about 0.8 gigatonnes," said study co-author Judith Hauck, a biogeoscientist at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research in Germany.

About two-thirds of that increase in demand is being met by solar and wind power and electric vehicles, showing that clean technologies are making a real difference in reducing global emissions, Hauck said. However, the hike in energy prices that resulted from the Iran conflict also decreased demand by 0.4%, she said.

"So only together with the energy crisis did we bring the change in emissions down to negative," Hauck told Live Science, adding that she expects CO2 emissions to rebound if the conflict ends, as they did after the temporary emissions drop caused by the lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nearing the peak?

The exceptional circumstances that energy markets experienced this year make it clear that the small projected emissions decline is no reason to declare that emissions are now reducing, but there are hopeful signs, Rogelj said.

"Despite my muted enthusiasm about whether these lower emissions for 2026 represent the start of a long-term decline, the analysis shows encouraging signs of deeper long-term structural changes," he said. "But this shift must accelerate to ensure it is not outpaced by energy demand growth."

The report found that clean energy growth isn't yet fast enough to drive a steady decline in global CO2 emissions attributable to fossil fuels. The study authors expect that to happen in the next few years, Hauck said, as long as there is a continued push to deploy solar and wind power, batteries and electric vehicles.

CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are just part of the picture, though. Because of increases in human-caused peat fires, deforestation and forest fires linked to dry El Niño conditions, total global CO2 emissions from all sources this year are projected to increase slightly from 42.8 billion metric tons (47.2 billion U.S. tons) last year to reach a record 43.3 billion metric tons (47.7 billion U.S. tons) this year, according to the report.

This means that the total budget of CO2 that can be emitted before global warming reaches 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) above preindustrial levels is now just 150 billion metric tons (165 billion U.S. tons) ‪—‬ equivalent to less than four years of emissions at the current rate.

Hauck, like many climate scientists, thinks we have already missed our chance to hit the 1.5 C target and could only get back to that level through extensive removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.

"I'm still hopeful for something between 1.5 and 2 C [3.6 F]," Hauck said. "But for 1.5 degrees, we would need to see such a drastic strong drop in emissions. Based on what we've seen in the past years, even with this strong increase in avoided emissions, I don't think we can make that."

To halt global warming from increasing ever further, the world needs to be more ambitious in its planned emissions cuts, said Rogeli. We need to bring annual emissions down to zero to protect future generations from a double whammy of “having to try to transform economies so that they produce less climate pollution, while dealing with the impacts and damages of an increasingly adverse climate system," he said.

'> Iran war helps fuel global drop in fossil fuel emissions — but there’s a catch

"We cannot really say how long this individual survived," study co-author Lars Fehren-Schmitz, an anthropologist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, told Live Science in an email. But "the burial of this infant suggests that the Nasca treated this individual in death like most other infants."

The skeleton of this female infant was discovered alongside a second one inside a ceramic urn at the archaeological site of Jauranga in Peru's Palpa Valley, where numerous geoglyphs known as the Nazca Lines have been found. Archaeologists uncovered several dozen other burials dated to the Middle Nazca (also spelled Nasca) period (A.D. 325 to 440) at the site, but one of the co-buried infants had an extremely rare condition, researchers wrote in a study published Monday (Nov. 9) in the journal PNAS.

The infant had a very small skull and a single eye socket in the middle of her face, along with other developmental issues of the cranial bones. These traits match modern clinical descriptions of cyclopia, a lethal condition that occurs when the front part of a fetus's brain fails to divide into left and right hemispheres.

This condition can also cause alterations in the nasal structures, resulting in a missing nose or a tube-like nose above the single eye.

a medical illustration of two fetuses with cyclopia

A medical illustration from 1891 of two infants with cyclopia. (Image credit: Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

"The cause of the malformation was present at fertilization, but manifestation occurs around the fourth to fifth week in utero [in the womb], when the frontal lobe of the brain has to divide," study first author Elsa Tomasto-Cagigao, an archaeologist at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, told Live Science in an email.

Cyclopia is a rare condition, occurring in about 1 out of every 100,000 births. To learn more about the infant's short life, the researchers sequenced her genome. (DNA suggested the infant carried two X chromosomes, typical of a female.)

The team detected an extra copy of chromosome 13, meaning the infant had a genetic condition called trisomy 13, or Patau syndrome. It's known to be a major chromosomal cause of cyclopia; that said, only a small percentage of trisomy 13 cases involve cyclopia.

While trisomy 13 is associated with advanced maternal age, it is not clear whether that was the case for this infant, Fehren-Schmitz said.

"This condition has been documented in historic and modern anatomical collections, but to my knowledge this is the first archaeological example of this developmental abnormality," Siân Halcrow, a bioarchaeologist at Durham University in the U.K. who was not involved in the study, told Live Science in an email.

The researchers' estimate of the infant's age at death suggests she may have survived for several weeks or months after birth, Halcrow pointed out. "This raises important questions about how infants with profound congenital differences were cared for and treated in past societies," she said.

The infant was buried in a ceramic urn, the researchers noted in the study, which was a common burial method in the Nazca period, along with a second female infant who had no skeletal abnormalities. "The baby with cyclopia was at the bottom of the jar, while the other baby was on top. Nevertheless, it appears that they were interred in a single event," Tomasto-Cagigao said. The genetic analysis showed that the two infants did not have the same mother.

A burial of two infants in one urn is unusual for this culture, the researchers said, but there is not enough archaeological evidence to conclude that the infant with cyclopia was given a different type of burial.

"The fact that the individual was buried with a 'healthy' individual in a regular cemetery, without any special grave goods, suggests that, to some extent, the individual was not treated differently in death, even though it had such a rare condition," Fehren-Schmitz said. "It was neither 'excluded' because of it nor treated in a 'special' way."

In ancient Andean societies, some people with disabilities took on special societal roles, such as ones associated with religious practices. "If that reflects Nasca society as a whole, we can't say based on one case," Fehren-Schmitz said, "but it does reflect the community this infant was part of, even if only briefly."

'> Nazca infant had rare, fatal birth defect that left her with one central eye 1,600 years ago
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